Response to Toni Morrison’s Home Essay

Toni Morrison’s use of language throughout the novel gives her writing a sense of wit; it is easily understood by the reader, and acts as a subtle hint into the minds and emotions of the characters. Her use of innuendo speaks to a sexual theme, a common tension found among the main characters of the story. The final passage of Chapter 4 depicts a dialogue between Cee, and Sarah, sharing a ripened melon on a hot afternoon. The language used in this passage juxtaposes sexual vocabulary with the ruthlessness of Dr. Beau, as well as foreshadowing Cee’s abuse. Additionally, in the passage Morrison reflects upon Prince’s manipulation of Cee’s naivety. This passage represents Cee’s inability to form a healthy relationship with a male character. Portrayed as a â€Å"female melon,† Cee is â€Å"soft† in the hands of her former husband, and employer. Her vulnerability leads to her reconnection with Frank, relating to the overall idea of relation ships throughout the novel. The strength of the relationship between Cee and Frank drives this reconnection, which fuels the plot. The only form of love Cee feels is found platonically, through the genuine relationship with her brother, Frank. The language used to portray Cee as a ripened melon in the passage alludes to her helplessness. After Frank had deployed, a young Cee attempts to form a relationship with a visitor from Atlanta named Prince. The unique name of this character is not assigned at random; Cee’s naà ¯ve perception of Prince identifies him as an almost fairytale-like figure. She became impressed with his experience of places outside of Lotus, and with his conviction. He eventually â€Å"rescues† Cee from Lotus, and brings her to the city with seemingly little convincing necessary. Cee becomes under the impression that Prince is â€Å"too good for her,† and for these reasons, she is willing to tolerate â€Å"the great thing people warned about or giggled about,† despite her lack of interest (Morrison 48). She is, in fact, â€Å"[a]lways the sweetest,† a phrase Morrison employs which may refer to her willingness, and trust in others; this is a sign of adolescence. Cee†™s lack of experience with male melons led to her obedience towards Prince. It only took Prince’s word to convince Cee that she was pretty, a woman, and old enough to get married. Not long after moving into the city did Cee realize Prince’s true intentions. Cee’s first relationship was nothing more than an overplayed scheme to gain an automobile. She had been used. Sarah and Cee mention that one â€Å"[c] an’t beat the girl for flavor,† and â€Å"[c] an’t beat her for sugar† (66). Prince understands this concept. Morrison uses the word â€Å"beat† to relay the message that nothing can compare to the qualities of a woman; however, in juxtaposing the melon with Cee, the word â€Å"beat† refers to abuse. Prince understands that in order to carry out his true intentions, he cannot be malicious to Cee. He must win her trust with kindness. He cannot â€Å"beat† her for her flavor (body) or her sugar (car). Cee blindly trusted her first relationship and was manipulated, which commences her trend of abusive relationships with men, other than her brother. The last sentence of the passage is the most graphic, and the language used gives the reader a sensation of Cee’s traumatic incidents with Dr. Beau. Morrison foreshadows Cee’s fate as her language in this last sentence provokes thoughts of sexual abuse in the reader’s mind. The â€Å"sliding† of the knife from the drawer and the reference of â€Å"intense anticipation of the pleasure to come,† indicates Dr. Beau’s experimentation on Cee, and his twisted enjoyment of abusing the girl (66). For a moment, Morrison becomes less subtle with her warning to the reader and explicitly mentions how Sarah (and Dr. Beau) â€Å"cut the girl in two.† Cee, much like a ripened melon, is soft and almost defenseless. Her relationship with men in the novel is consistently abusive; Prince and Dr. Beau have both taken advantage of her adolescent innocence. When Dr. Beau would perform his â€Å"examinations,† Cee would wake in pain, and often times s ee blood; however, she would attribute her symptoms to menstrual problems (122). Once again, Cee had trusted a man, and was hurt, physically in this case, for doing so. Her relationship with her brother is made stronger through the malicious relationships she forms with other men. Frank was a constant source of platonic love, one of the only men in the novel whom she is able to trust. The concept of family and relationships is a key theme throughout Home. The plot is driven by the strength of Cee and Frank’s relationship, and the platonic love between them. Cee’s susceptibility to other male characters is captured in her comparison to ripened honeydew; however, Frank masks Cee’s frailty and is able to protect her. After Frank liberates Cee, within weeks her health improved dramatically. After her traumatic events, Frank noticed â€Å"how healthy she looked— glowing skin, back straight, not hunched in discomfort† (126). From a young age, Frank was able to protect Cee, and their connection provides the foundation for the novel. It was only the strength of their relationship that could convince Frank to travel back to Lotus. In reminiscing about when he enlisted, Frank states that â€Å"[o]nly my sister in trouble could force me to even think about going in that direction† (84). Frank is the only male in the novel who truly cares for Cee, and their relationship is the only honest bond Cee has with a male. The scene of Sarah sharing a ripened melon with Cee on a hot Sunday afternoon gives the reader a deeper look into Cee’s characterization. The language Morrison uses, and her association of Cee with the melon, alludes to Cee’s vulnerability throughout the novel. In her attempt to form a healthy, non-abusive relationship, Cee finds herself being manipulated and physically abused. As a young girl, her adolescence was taken advantage of by her former husband who leaves her and takes her vehicle. When Cee becomes employed, she finds herself in the hands of Dr. Beau, who physically abuses an anesthetized Cee. Ycidra can only find love platonically in her brother, which relates to the overall theme of relationships in the novel. The final passage of chapter 4 graphically foreshadows and reflects on these events through Morrison’s use of subtle innuendos and language.

Is Police Brutality a Serious Problem in the US? Essay

Introduction In the article, â€Å"Police Brutality is Over-Sensationalizedâ€Å", Auerback made plenty of logical arguments about the issue of police brutality. But, the statistics he showed was from the city of Chicago. For example the Rodney King case was the first major case tried in court. The Rodney King case was about an African American being pulled over for no apparent reason. Eventually the officer was acquitted of all charges. Why do police officers just feel that they are above the law? Are they above the law? Despite Auerback showing many valid points throughout the article, his argument was very one sided or biased. Summary The article ‘’the article police brutality is Over-Sensationalized’’, (Auerback, 2010) is about police brutality not being as big of a problem as the media makes it out to be. According to Auerback (2010) he claims’’ police brutality is not as commonplace as Americans claim’’. The author uses many statistics but they are only from the city of Chicago. But throughout the entire article he continuously was saying that police are put in challenging positions. 1st major point In the paragraph â€Å"The Thin Lineâ€Å", the author spoke about how excessive force by a police officer was a big problem. Auerback explained that police officers deal with dangerous situations through their regular day. Also, he described cases such as the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles being some of the reason police brutality was widespread. He said that the statistics he used couldn’t explicate a significant reason. In the paragraph â€Å"The Evidence Suggests Otherwiseâ€Å", Auerback clarified statistics showing that  police brutality was not as bad as the media makes it out to be. For example, there was a study done by the Urbana – Champaign independent Media Center on police brutality. The results showed that in Illinois 2854 police officers had complaints about police brutality, but surprisingly only 7 percent of the officers were regulated. Later on in the paragraph Auerback argued that police officers have the right to use excessive force to a certain extent. Basically in this paragraph the author is arguing that there isn’t enough evidence to prove police brutality isn’t a big deal. The paragraph â€Å"having the Opposite Effectâ€Å", Auerback explained how the media portrays the police sometimes makes the job harder, and hurts he communities. Throughout the paragraph he showed that police brutality was a very huge charge. Also the author showed that not all police officers are bad guys as the media portrays them. 2nd Major Point There were many logical arguments and valid questions to ask during the article â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å". One logical argument about the article would be why were there only a few arguments? If the author would have made the article a two-way debate about police brutality. The article would be drastically changed. Auerback did explain police brutality could be a problem but, he explained police are always in the right basically. Another question I had that wasn’t answered was are all police officers bad? There are valid examples that some police officers take their authority too far. Such as the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles made police brutality come to the light. But, because of some police officers making bad decisions and using excessive force, they give police a bad name. Lastly, another argument would be that a police officers` is very dangerous, but are they above the law? Most police officers are some of the nicest people you will meet. They put their lives on the line to serve and protect us citizens. However when you look at the statistics shown in the article they show cops get away a lot of crimes. Such as in the article the statistics done in Chicago. Throughout five years Chicago saw 1774 complains per year with only 5% of the officer having the complaints. But, in the identical survey done only 1 percent had enough evidence to start a case. That is very disturbing to hear. Why do the police officers get away with  such crimes? The reason is there is just not much evidence to prove the point. The three logical points made by the article would be the police was above the law, and why do they have so much power. 3rd Major Point Auerbacks` angle of vision was very demanded by his background which gives him ethos or credibility but also shows he could be biased. His background gives him a lot of credibility. For example he had seventeen years of experience in public policy and political science. He graduated from Boston College Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, also working as a federal contractor. With all being said his perspective is biased by him working with the government. The governments’ perspective is that the government is always right. Which Auerbacks’ angle of vision is basically police are always in the right no matter what. If the author would have shown both sides of the issue of police brutality the article would be more credible. Also, the statistics shown in the article was only from the city of Chicago. If Auerback showed statistics of the entire country instead of using just a metropolitan city then the article wouldn’t be so biased. Auerbacks` angle of vision discredited the article. The author made it seem like officers always has a reason to use excessive force. Conclusion In conclusion, the article â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å", spoke about how police officers use excessive force and how it was a huge problem. The author tried to downplay the issue by using examples of cases where the police officers was in the right. But, in reality there are plenty of examples of police officers using excessive force for no reason at all. His argument throughout the article was that the media over-exposes the issue. Auerback used only a certain amount of logical arguments. Despite Auerback showing many valid points throughout the article, his argument was very one-sided or biased. Works Cited Auerback, Michael. â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å". John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, June Johnson. â€Å"The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writingâ€Å" 7th Edition

Sources for Rrl

Fajnzylber, Lederman and Loaysa (2002) – (Fajnzylber, P. , Lederman, D. and N. Loayza (2000). â€Å"Crime and Victimization: An Economic Perspective†, mimeo) â€Å"In fact the economics of crime interacts with different and heterogeneous fields (i. e. sociology, criminology, psychiatry and geography). It is closely related to poverty, social exclusion, wage and income inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and social factors that may affect individual’s propensity to commit crimes such as cultural characteristics, age and sex. â€Å" A spatial analysis of neighborhood crime in omaha, Nebraska using alternative measures of crime rates. By haifeng zhang and Michael p. peterson. internet journal of criminology 2007 Many researchers – (Ackerman (1998), Anselin (2000), Kershaw and Tseloni (2005), Nagle (1995), Osborn et al (1992). ) Substantial neighborhood crime research has documented that urban crime occurs most frequently in stressful and disadvantaged areas with disproportional concentration of poverty, unemployment and minority populations. The social disorganization theory argues that socio-economic stress (e. g. poverty, racial/ethnic issues, etc) undermines social control level and strikes the foundations of social cohesion, which results in occurrence of crime. The routine activity approach/theory claims that criminal activities are related to social environment and the behavior patterns of people who live in the neighborhood or community. Unfavorable environment settings (poverty, low education or li teracy and unemployment) are frequently used to evaluate the effects of crime correlates. (CRIME AND POVERTY) Fleisher (1963-1966) – (Fleisher, B. , (1966), â€Å"The Effects of Income Delinquency†, American Economic Review, 56 (1/2). Pp. 118-137) â€Å"The principal theoretical reason for believing that low income increases the tendency to commit crime is that it raises the relative cost of engaging in legitimate activity and that the probable cost of getting caught is relatively low, since they (low-income individuals) view their legitimate lifetime earnings prospects dismally they may expect to lose relatively little earning potential by acquiring criminal records, furthermore, if legitimate earnings are low, the opportunity of lifetime actually spent in delinquent activity, or in jail is also low (Fleisher 1966, p. 20)† Marc Hooghe, Bram Vanhoutte, Vim Hardyns and Tuba Bircan. Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime. Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium 2001-2006. British Journal of Criminology, 51 (1), pp. 1-20. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011. A concentration of poverty, a lack of resources and various indicators for social disorganization have all been invoked to explain a concentration of crime. Pg1 Kelly (2000) – (Kelly, M. , (2000). â€Å"Inequality and Crime†. The Review of Economics and Statitics, 82 (4), pp. 30-539) â€Å"in the economics theory of crime, areas of high inequality place poor individuals who have low returns from market activity next to high-income individuals who have goods worth taking, thereby increasing the returns to time allocated to criminal activity† â€Å"strain theory argues that, when faced with the relative success of others around them, unsuccessful individuals feel frustration at their situation. The greater the inequality, the higher this strain and the greater the inducement for low0status individuals to commit crime† Machin and Meghir (2004) (Machin, Stephen and Costas Meghir. â€Å"Crime and Economic Incentives. † National Bureau of Economic Research. 9 Feb 2009 ) When there are larger numbers of people with low wage rates, the crime rate usually goes up. Handbook of crime correlates. Lee Ellis, Kevin Beaver, John Wright. Academic Press, Oxford, UK Many of the most popular theories of criminal behavior have focused on poverty as a major causal factor (Mesnner and South 1986:977) pg 36 Deteriorated neighborhood conditions in an urban area were almost always associated with higher rates of official crime. Pg 237 (CRIME AND EDUCATION) (the socioeconomic determinants of crime. A review of literature. Paolo buonanno. Univerita degli studi di Milano-bicocca. p18) Crime appears to be strictly related to the level of education attained and to individual’s economic and social background. Freeman (1991,1996), Grogger (1995,1998) and more recently Lochner and Moretti (2001) attempt to clearly identify the relationships between crime and education. – Usher (1997) (Usher, D. , (1997). â€Å"Education as Deterrent to Crime†. Canadian Journal of Economics, 30 (2), pp. 367-84. ) â€Å"Education promotes good citizenship. Education does more than teach skills to enhance one’s capacity to earn income. It perpetuates the values of society, enculturates people to serve their communities and promotes virtues of hard work and honesty. † Education may also have a â€Å"civilization effect,† tending to reduce the incidence of criminal activity. Ehrlich (1975, p. 333) (Elrich,I. , (1975). â€Å"On the Relation between Education and Crime†. In Juster, F. T. (Ed. ), Education, Income and Human Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 313-337. ) Positive relationship between the average number of school years completed by the adult population (over 25 years) and particularly property crimes committed across the U. S. in 1960 Wilson and Herrnstein (1985) (Wilson, J. Q. and R. Herrnstein (1985). Crime and Human Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster) Several studies have shown that criminals tend to be less educated and from poorer economic backgrounds than non-criminals. Lochner (1999) (Lochner, L. , (1999). Education, Work and Crime: Theory and Evidence†, Working Paper No 465, Center for Economic Research (RCER) – University of Rchester) â€Å"crime is primarily a problem among young educated men. Individuals with low skill level are more likely to participate in criminal activities because the returns they can earn from work or school are low. Both high school graduation and ability directly lower criminal propen sities† p. 34 Lochner and Moretti- (Lochner, L. and E. Moretti (2001). â€Å"The effect of education on crime: evidence from prison inmates, arrests and self-reports†, NBER Working-Paper no. 605) â€Å"Schooling increases the returns to legitimate work, raising the opportunity costs of illegal behavior. † P. 1 â€Å"Schooling significantly reduces criminal activity† p. 30 Education and Crime. Lancer Lochner. University of Western Ontario. December 13, 2007. Empirically there is a strong negative correlation between educational attainment and various measures of crime. Using OLS, Lochner and Morretti (2004) estimate that one-year increase in average education levels in a state reduces state-level arrest rates by 11 percent. pg9 Handbook of crime correlates. Lee Ellis, Kevin Beaver, John Wright. Academic Press, Oxford, UK The vast majority of studies have concluded that as an individual’s years of education increase, his or her probability of criminal behavior decreases. Two studies of the relationship between years of education and antisocial behavior both concluded that a significant negative correlation existed. Pg 36 The crime reducing effect of education. Stephen machin, Olivier marie. Suncica vujic. Institute for the Study of Labor discussion paper no. 5000. June 2010. IZA Bonn Germany Pg 2-4 There are a number of theoretical reasons why education may have an effect on crime. From the existing socio-economic literature there are (at least) three main channels through which schooling might affect criminal participation: income effects (education increases the returns to legitimate work raising the opportunity costs of illegal behavior therefore, those who can earn more are less likely to engage in crime), time availability (time spent in education may also be important in terms of limiting the time available for participating in criminal activity. The time spent at school during the year is negatively correlated to the probability of arrest that year. It was found that property crime increases significantly in areas where youths have days off school) and patience or risk aversion. For most crimes, one would expect that these factors induce a negative effect of schooling on crime. CRIME AND UNEMPLOYMENT Arvantes and Delfina 2006 High unemployment rates also provide incentives to perform all kinds of criminal acts. John P. Allison (1972) (Allison, John P. Economic Factors and the rate of Crime. † Land Economics 48 (1972): 193-96. JSTOR. 9 Feb 2009 ) Allison finds that unemployment rate is one of the biggest factors that contribute toward crime rates. Both unemployment and poverty rates have significant and positive effects on crime rate. Handbook of crime correlates. Lee Ellis, Kevin Beaver, John Wright. Academic Press, Oxford, UK Pg 107 Regarding the frequency of unemployment, numerous studies have been conducted with res pect to criminality. The majority of these studies have indicated that frequently unemployed persons are more likely to have a criminal record In Ehrlich model, individuals divide their time between legal activates and risky illegal activities. If legal income opportunites become scare relative to potential gains in crime, the model predicts that crime will become more frequent. Increased unemployment could be one such factor. Identifying the effect of unemployment and crime. Steven Raphael and Rudolf winter-ebmer. Journal of law and economics. Vol. xliv. April 2001. The university of chicago Pg 260 Declines in crime rates may be due in part to the current absence of legal employment opportunities. To the extent that increase legitimate employment opportunities deter potential offender from committing crimes, a decline in the unemployment rate such as that observed during the 1990s may be said to cause the declines in crime rate. CRIME AND LITERACY Handbook of crime correlates. Lee Ellis, Kevin Beaver, John Wright. Academic Press, Oxford, UK Pg 150 The vast majority of studies have found that individuals who receive high grades tend to be less criminal than those with low grades. The academic performance of delinquents and criminals tends to be especially poor in those subject areas requiring reading and other linguistic skills rather than in areas where the primary demands are on mathematical and scientific reasoning skills. Pg241 – 243 There is a strong evidence that academic performance as measured by grade point average was inversely associated with both official and self-reported criminality in nearly all investigations. Slow reading development was positively correlated with involvement in crime and delinquency. Theories the Criminological theories past to present. Essential Readings. Third edition. Francis T. Cullen and Robert Agnew. Roxbury Publishing Company LA California, Pg 5-8 Classical theory by Beccaria Central Thesis: Crime occur when the benefits outweigh the costs – when people pursue self-interest in the absence of effective punishments. Crime is a free-willed choice Positivist theory Crime is caused or determined by sociological factors Social Disorganization/Chicago School – Shaw an McKay, Sampson and Wilson, Raudenbush and Earls Disorganized communities cause crime because informal social controls break down and criminal cultures emerge. They lack the â€Å"collective efficacy† to fight crime and disorder. Strain/General Strain by Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin, Agnew When individuals cannot obtain success goals (e. g. , money, status in school), they experience strain or pressure. Under certain conditions, they are likely to respond to this strain through crime. The strains leading to crime, however, may not only be linked to goal blockage (or deprivation of valued stimuli0 but also to the presentation of noxious stimuli and the taking away of valued stimuli. Critical Theory by Bonger, Quinney, Currie and Colvin Inequality in material well-being creates conditions that lead to street crime and corporate crime.

OUTLINE ON THE JAPANESE PEOPLE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

OUTLINE ON THE JAPANESE PEOPLE - Assignment Example Most of the workforce in Japan, which numbered 65.1 million as of 2010, consists of 70% working in services, 26% working in industry, and 4% working in agriculture (United States Department of State, 2011). Less than 15% of the land is arable, and farming is fiercely protected and subsidized, though not enough to make it a full-time occupation (United States Department of State, 2011). 42% of the workforce consists of women, and while labor unions are prevalent throughout the country, representing about 10 million workers as of 2007, their main focus is on those with full-time employment, leaving others such as those who work from home without representation (United States Department of State, 2011). Since it would be impossible to delve into all the specific facets of Japanese life and culture, five elements have been chosen for representation. These include the Japanese language, Japanese art, marriage and family as they relate to Japanese society, and the religions of the Japanese . It is hoped that through careful research insight may be gained into these parts of the Japanese culture. III. Statement of purpose, introducing your focus group The purpose of this focus group was to gather information on the country of Japan and its people, specifically the facets of the Japanese language, art, marriage, family, and religion. Working together and individually, these aspects were researched to the best of our ability through the use of books and internet sources. Dictionary use was also prevalent, as the definition of the five areas were a vital and integral part of basic information, before finding out how the culture of Japan viewed them. IV. Discussion It is known that Japan has a culture with a high work ethic and mainstream language, and it is expected that research will support this. Since Japan is a small country with no viable means of expansion, as it is surrounded on all sides by water, the focus group expects to find information about how the people li ve in multigenerational homes, as well as how the educational system is geared towards helping Japanese children find their place in their country while taking care of their elders. Further research should reveal how marriages are handled in the country as well as how family and family planning fit in with the life plans of those wishing to raise any children. A curious point of discussion may be how life has changed in Japan since World War II due to their participation on the side that was not victorious. V. Five Main Elements of Japanese Culture 1. Language – The words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them used and understood by a community (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary). Japan is mainly divided into two subcultural regions, Eastern and Western, with language being a very minor element of all of the differences found between the two (Sugimoto, 2010). The Japanese have one main language, but distinctions in dialect. These dialects are so great that a person outside of one prefecture (area) of Japan may have trouble distinguishing the dialect of another (Sugimoto, 2010). The language of residents in the upper-class neighborhoods of Tokyo is regarded as â€Å"

Reflective Communication Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Reflective Communication Audit - Essay Example It determines what is working well, what is not, and what might work better if adjustments are made†. An organization communicates with its stakeholders and public in variety of situations. The strategy of the company in respect of all manners of communication, oral, written or actions needs to be designed to convey its philosophy and values to the stakeholders and public. The purpose of this study is to reflect upon and analyse the communication practices, processes and issues that are evident in TESCO, which is the third largest retail chain in the worth with its head quarters in the UK. Organisational background Started as grocery retail in the UK, TESCO has transformed into a multinational company over the period of time, with retailing in clothing, furniture, electronic goods and many other goods including petrol which are regularly bought by households or businesses. It has also entered into financial services, software and telecom. The company is listed in LSE and includ ed in FTSE 100 Index. Therefore, communication in such a geographically and functionally diversified company needs to be structured to achieve the objectives or goals with limited misunderstanding and conflicts. The slogan â€Å"The Tesco Way† seeks to portray the manner in which the company wants the public to remember its philosophy and values, and in a sense, it is a message to the public. The company’s innovations like installation of camera and self-service tills in the stores could be considered as reactions in tune with the technological developments. Also, these changes communicate a message to the customers about TESCO’s desire to improve the level of service. The Balanced-scorecard system implemented in TESCO unites the group’s resources at all levels. Communication audit would be useful and effective in monitoring of the operations including risk management on a balanced basis in relation to various divisions and the stakeholders could be augme nted. According to the TESCO’s website, the  Ã¢â‚¬ËœVision’  is for Tesco to be: Most highly valued by the customers we serve, the communities in which we operate, our loyal and committed staff and our shareholders A growth company A modern and innovative company Winning locally, applying our skills globally This vision statement and one of its stated strategies ‘to put our responsibilities to the communities we serve at the heart of what we do’ seeks to communicate its commitment to its stakeholders which includes community as well. The intense competition in the retail sector in the UK and globally necessitates advanced planning and formulation of effective strategies in achieving its corporate objectives. The expansion of the business into new products and services calls for coordination of its various activities at all levels. It also underlines the need for an integrated communication policy for a sustained development in the long run. Communicati on in an organization has several dimensions and is complicated unless it is coordinated with high standards of efficiency and audited on a regular basis. Communication audit The standard of living of the people has been increasing over the period of time which results into changes in tastes and fashions and shorter product life cycle. This is an important factor especially in retail business of TESCO and Communication audit would be useful in evaluating the communication strategies adopted by the company to make

Digital Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Digital Economic - Essay Example competition is a factor that is brought about by the fact that there are many sellers, who in turn make the firms that are available to be price takers. It also includes the sale of homogenous products. Because of this, as is the case that is presented by Thomson, there are chances of both easy entry and exit. However, it is involved with the perfect knowledge about the product, as well as adequate information about their pricing. The speculations were raised because, with the explosive growth of the internet, it was thought that there would be the availability of perfect information on the prices and products at the fingertips of most of those involved. With this, the consumers would be better placed to get the best deals. Thus, it was perceived that it would be a brave world whereby the profit margins of retailers would be competed away and they would be forced to price at a cost. They thought that the internet would reshape the world of commerce by dominating most of the businesses in existence within the established trading environments. As such, it would in the long run attain a position of dominion within the global market. However, the current trends in internet retailing have revealed that this has not happened as the earlier commentators have realized that most of their speculations were rather overblown since the high street market has weathered the storm. This is mainly because the retailers who are taking part in the activities are not making their own custom cannibal; the marketplace is not being fully dominated by the virtual merchants and the fact that the high streets have not been completely put out of business. Thus, most of the predictions that were made at the dawn of the internet era have not come to reality. This is in spite of the fact that some of speculations have come to pass. They include the vital role that is currently being played by the electronic intermediaries, especially on the aspect of making one-on-one marketing become a

The U.S. Supreme Court decision on the Arizona immigration law Research Paper

The U.S. Supreme Court decision on the Arizona immigration law - Research Paper Example Governors across the state and lawmakers introduced many immigration bills. The law required non-citizens to carry authorization papers which gave Arizonans to sue state and localities for non compliance. The Arizona law specifically drew the greatest national attention due to its racial profiling2. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court released an order that invalidated most sections of the Arizona immigration law. It was declared a success for Obama administration, a challenge for the constitutionality of the law. A number of issues were considered invalid and unconstitutional3. The congress specified the type of aliens to be evicted from the United States following laid down procedures. A brief by former commissioner of the United States immigration and naturalization services covers some aspects concerning alien eviction. According to him, aliens are subject to eviction if they could not be admitted at the time of entry or have had committed certain crimes. Eviction is civil and not criminal. The officials of the federal government have a voice on what credits an eviction. Aliens too have the right to seek asylum and other permit to remain in the country or leave without official eviction. Alien workers supporting their families are les likely to pose threat and are allowed to stay on humanitarian grounds. Returning an alien back to his country is also considered inappropriate regardless of whether they have committed crimes or have not met the admission requirements4. Unlike the Arizona law on field preemption, the federal law provides guidelines for alien registration and punishment for refusal. The aliens within the state borders are kept on track by a comprehensive and strong system. The Arizona law ignored the basic rules of field preemption that nations are banned from entering an area preserved by the federal government itself. Also,

A psychological disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A psychological disorder - Essay Example Disastrous events and life changing experiences can elevate our level of stress. While many people deal with this day to day stress without medical intervention, it may have a long-term connection with cancer or heart disease (Myers 539,544). Intense feelings of stress are known as anxiety disorders. They seem to have no rational cause and leave a person agitated and out of control of their emotions. The anxiety disorders are further broken down into sub groups that include phobias and panic disorder. These cases of extreme anxiety are treated through conditioning and medication. Depression may be viewed as similar and may be confused with anxiety. While anxiety is the uneasy feeling in regards to a future event, depression is a reaction to a past event (Myers 646). While these feelings may be normal, they become a disorder when they are unrealistic and begin to impede a person's normal activities. Depression is not an abnormal feeling, but when it reaches an ongoing and insidious level, a professional should treat it. There are many modern medications that address both anxiety and depression. More severe forms of psychological disorders are seen in schizophrenia and dissociative disorders. In the former, the mind may be severely disorganized. The victim may suffer from delusions and inappropriate emotions.

Team Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Development - Essay Example The study of group behavior and team development has evolved from various disciplines originating among social scientists to organizational management. Contemporary studies of group behavior recognized the need to understand the relationships between group members and different factors affecting their development as a participating and performing team. There are studies which support the concept that groups influence work behavior. According to Heathfield (2010), a team is defined as â€Å"any group of people organized to work together interdependently and cooperatively to meet the needs of their customers by accomplishing a purpose and goals† (par. 1). Groups have to be planned not only in their formation but more so in their development for them to be productive and efficient. Each team undergoes varies stages of development depending on their size and objectives. The extent of cohesiveness that a team develops influences the level of performance of a group. High performing teams are influenced by factors such as mission, roles, leadership, communication, decision-making, systems/procedures, climate, rewards, and competence. It is learning how these teams evolve from a basic structure composed of individuals to a complex, performing team that makes theoretical applications of group development worthwhile. Being considered at the number 1 retail discount store in the US today makes Walmart the employer every employee seeks to be a part of. The Jobs and Employment News (JEN) site presented a career development study at Walmart which avers that â€Å"while many other companies look at training as an occasional issue, Walmart considers training as part of their regular work environment† (JEN, 2010, par. 4). The various training programs lined up for Walmart associates are as follows: new associate orientation, cashier simulated training (CST), summer internship program, manager in training (MIT), fresh food academy of classes, engagement

Under Treatment of Pain in the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Under Treatment of Pain in the Elderly - Essay Example Under Treatment of Pain in the Elderly Roy and Thomas (1986) conducted a survey regarding chronic pain in the elderly. They conducted their study on 132 participants who were either residents of the nursing home or were attending hospital programs. They found that 83% of the patients stated that they, most of the time, suffered from pain which mainly was due to damage in connective tissue. 84% of the participants who reported pain were using analgesics and 16% were not receiving any kind of treatment at all. The participants reported that they had been feeling pain for many years. Researchers found that majority of participants reported low levels of pain accompanied with depression, and none of the participants was being treated for depression. According to the researchers, â€Å"there may be an inclination to underestimate the prevalence and intensity of pain in the elderly† (p.513). Bernabei et al. (1998) studied the treatment of pain and pain management in the elderly patients who were suffering from cancer and were admitted in nursing homes. Theirs was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in 1492 nursing homes located in 5 different states. The population size was 13625 and the participants were 65 years and older. They found that among the total population size, 4003 patients were those who reported daily, regular pain 16% of whom were receiving a WHO level 1 drug, 32% were receiving a WHO level 2 drug, and 26% were those who were being treated with morphine only (p.1880). They also found that as the age grew older, the opportunities for pain treatment became fewer so much so that the patients who were over 85 years did not even receive an analgesic dose. Their study concluded that â€Å"Daily pain is prevalent among nursing home residents with cancer and is often untreated, particularly among older and minority patients† (p.1877). Ahmad and Goucke (2002) conducted their research on the treatment of neuropathic pain in the elderly and pain management strategies. Accor ding to them, neuropathic pain is the hardest to identify and manage in the elderly without inflicting any adverse effects on them, and this leads to its undertreatment. They state that it is important to incorporate non-drug pain management options in the treatment process to reduce the adverse effects that medication inflicts on the elderly. These options may include psychotherapies, exercises, improved life style, and environmental modification. According to them, combined strategies and mixed treatments can prove to be more helpful in treating pain in the elderly. Gagliese and Melzack (1997) also support the fact that the older adults usually receive inadequate pain management. They state there can be three reasons for this: â€Å"lack of proper pain assessment; potential risks of pharmacotherapy in the elderly; and, misconceptions regarding both the efficacy of non-pharmacological pain management strategies and the attitudes of the elderly towards such treatments† (p.3). Supporting the fact that pain treatment becomes less likely because the elderly do not express their pain, there is a research by Manfredi et al. (2002) who studied assessment of pain through facial expressions in the elderly suffering from dementia. They evaluated 9 patients who had â€Å"decubitus ulcers associated with reports of pain during dressing changes†

PsyInfo (tools to success) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PsyInfo (tools to success) - Essay Example I can remember all the times I was sad as a kid, birthdays, holidays, Christmas time. I didn't know that growing up without money may have tied my parents down some and that they may have even felt like giving up in their lives. It was as if we were all embarrassed at living. Today I can look back and understand and appreciate some of these pressures of poverty, that they can really affect communication among family members and in a sense stunt the emotional growth and health that is needed. Feeling apart from others, isolated and unique in that way, I could no longer avoid states of depression. Today I see these states as important. In a child, one who is rebelling, they could lead into all kinds of mental illnesses if they are not properly attended to. Finally I met an individual who would change my life by the example of his own life. I had managed to get a job working in a store. I was about 17 at the time and was no longer going to school. The manager was one of the most busy pe rsons I had every met in my life. The store was a franchise type and was open 24 hours. When I got in in the early morning he was their taking inventory. When I left he was in the back stacking up inventory. He wasn't an old man, he was like middle age. I found out he spent his afternoons at business school. This man never took me personally.

D. Forecast for Next 12-18 months Essay Example for Free

D. Forecast for Next 12-18 months Essay The world economic outlook is bright. World GDP growth is forecast to average slightly more than 4 percent per annum during 2006-2007. Asia will continue to act as the primary engine of global growth, though activity will also be supported by continued U. S. economic expansion of almost 3 percent annually. China will continue to register robust growth of slightly more than 9 percent per annum, and output will continue to increase rapidly also in India. Japan also appears to be entering a longer phase of stable growth. The positive global environment will be reinforced by the Euro Area, where economic growth is forecast to accelerate in response to a recovery in domestic demand (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy). The National Institute of Economic and Social Research has recently released a set of forecasts regarding the state of world economy in 2007. Below are listed some of the key points: Global growth will quicken to 5. 1 per cent this year falling back only a bit in 2007 to a still rapid 4. 7 per cent. Inflationary pressures are rising, mainly owing to higher oil prices, but the impact of rising oil prices on inflation and output is now more muted than in the past. Global imbalances remain marked and the dollar may have to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to halve the US current-account deficit. The US economy will grow by over 3 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, but inflationary pressures are mounting. The Japanese economic recovery has become self-sustaining and GDP will rise by 3. 1 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 6 per cent in 2007. The Euro Area will expand by around 2 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, and consumer price inflation will average about 2. 5 per cent in both years. The NIESR report goes on to elaborate upon the aforementioned points: Advanced countries in the OECD bloc are participating in the upswing but the main reason for the current period of exceptionally strong global growth is the long boom in China. In 2005, China represented 15. 4 per cent of global GDP on a purchasing-power parity basis, up from 3. 4 per cent in 1980. Global inflation is rising in response to higher oil prices, but much less so than in the past. New estimates suggest that a $10 permanent rise in oil prices will add 0. 2 to 0. 4 percentage points to inflation in the United States in the four years to 2009, with a somewhat smaller impact in the Euro Area, and a still smaller effect in the UK. The global upswing continues to be accompanied by major imbalances, notably the scale of the US current account deficit, which widened by 4. 5 percentage points of GDP between 1997 and 2005. Since this deterioration has mainly financed increased consumer spending rather than productive investment, financial markets may conclude that the deficit is not sustainable. It is estimated that the dollar’s value against a basket of currencies needs to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to reduce the current account deficit by 3 percentage points of GDP. The US economy will grow by 3. 6 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 1 per cent in 2007. The economy continues to be driven mainly by consumption, which will increase by 3. 3 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 9 per cent in 2007. Housing investment is slackening but business investment, stimulated by high corporate profits, will buoy growth this year and next. Inflation is picking up and the private consumption deflator will rise by 3. 0 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 3 per cent in 2007. There now appears little doubt that the Japanese recovery from the bleak period of deflation and stagnation has become self-sustaining. The economy grew by 3. 5 per cent in the year to the first quarter of 2006 . Business investment is expanding strongly and consumer spending is expected to grow by 1. 9 per cent a year in 2006 and 2007. Average earnings, which had been falling earlier in the decade, will grow by 0. 8 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 8 per cent in 2007. The outlook for the Euro Area is for higher inflation despite a fairly modest recovery. Consumer prices will rise by 2. 6 per cent in 2006 compared with 2. 2 per cent in 2005. Tighter monetary conditions together with measures in Germany to cut the budget deficit will hold back growth in consumption and GDP in the Euro Area. Consumer spending will also be restrained by sluggish growth in average earnings as the corporate sector manages to retain its increased profitability (Barrell et al, 8-31).

Effects of Globalization on Accounting Concepts

Effects of Globalization on Accounting Concepts Haiyan Lin Increasing global business competitiveness. Globalization results in more opportunity and threats, as well as more competition and customers for many countries and organisations. Business need to improve their competitiveness. To realize product differentiation and cost controlling or provide better products or services to customers, deliver responsiveness are most of firms goal. To realize business competitiveness goal led organisation to take new management accounting systems and techniques such as Activity-based cost systems and Activity-based budgeting systems. Activity-based cost system is more accurate to calculate the cost of goods, services, customers and other activity within organisation and also shareholder values, as well as business budgeting. Activity-based budgeting is also more accurate technique to forecast firms future costs and better benchmark to compare actual costs. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Raising global mobility of labour Globalization is also raising mobility of labour all over the world. Organisations especially as IT companies have more shortage in IT talent. So they are more possible to recruit employee from other countries. The famous case in New Zealand is Wellingtons BRING IT A WOLRD OF TECH TALENT TO WELLINGTON plan. Government support Wellingtons organisation to recruit world high tech talents which pay 100 candidates flight tickets and accommodation when candidates come to interview with their potential employers in Wellington. Increasing pressures for accountability, involving ethical and governance issues. Management accounting use techniques such as inventory management and time management to realize accountability. The inventory management is effective method to reduce supplier costs, manufacturing costs and production costs. Just-in-time philosophy is important inventory methods using in manufacturing, Toyota is famous example. Profession ethical codes need to be applied to accountant. As management accountants, they have obligation to themselves, their colleagues and their organisation to follow high standards of ethical codes. Increasing awareness of sustainability issues, especially climate change. Environment became worse when economic is developing fast. The most serious environment issue is global warming. So for sustainable global developing, many businesses try to use environment friendly materials or reducing CO2 emission and use of some other scarce resource such as water. Example: both Australia and New Zealand reduce or reduce greenhouse gas emission no more than 1990 levels. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Conclusion: Business environment will change continuality in the future, management accounting should be adjust, improve and develop new techniques, structure and systems all the time. Uses of information Management accounting: the users are internal users such as managers and employees at all levels. Managers need management accounting information to make strategies and decisions. Financial accounting: the users are external such as shareholders, creditors, bank, stock exchange, and government agencies. Banks use financial statements to decide whether to lend loan to the business; potential shareholders use financial statements to consider whether to invest in the business. Regulations Management accounting: there are no external rules or accounting standard. Managers generate information for the purpose of their management. Financial accounting: there are accounting standards and corporation laws to regulate the content of external financial reports such IFRS. Source of data Management accounting: the sources are come from both external and internal, as well as financial and non-financial data. The internal data is from physical and operational data from production systems. External data is from market, customer and economic database. Financial accounting: data almost from internal- organisations core transaction-based accounting system. Nature of the information Management accounting: subjective; relevant; timely; past, current and future-oriented; supplied for all level to satisfy managers needs. Financial accounting: not timely; not always relevant; past; reliable; highly aggregated. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) Issues of privacy and ownership in the personal information industry. How to protect employees or customers privacy is important issue for the business. Business need to consider whether or not to reveal employees or customers information to the unrelated parties. For example: bank send their customers information to policies as policies requested but there was no permitted from their customer. The result was bank was sued by their customer. Issues of computer security refer to accuracy and confidentiality. Computer security systems are aim to prevent fraud and other unauthorised users to access the protected confidential database. However, the higher security system still can lead to other problems such as used to spy on legitimate users. For example: the secure computer system for Unitec, all students and staffs have their own account name and password to access to online Portal. It is more convenient for their work and study. Online Portal has their personal information such phone number, home address and passport copy. That is why portal need to separate student and staff login to protect student personal information from unauthorised person. The ownership of property. What can organization or individual own? Laws are designed to protect rights of ownership for properties, such as software. The question is whether individual and organisation should be restricted for using or access to this Intellectual property. For example: copyright laws protect those people who developed software from being copied. However, there is question whether copyright right or wrong, because many people believe there is more harm than good to have copyright laws. The problem is whether need to pay if to see or touch softcopy. The purpose of copyright laws is to encourage developing new software or arts, but in fact copyright may have opposite impact. Issues of equity access involving culture, economic status and safety. Example: if documents are prepared in one language and poor translated. Individual and organisation need to acquire technology equipment based on their economic ability. And the access of equity also need to consider safety of pregnant women or the minors. Environmental issues. It is easy to print because of computer and printer, however, print large amount of paper will result in disappear of tre Strategies: Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and Section 406 require company to have ethical code applied to CEO, CFO and controller. Section 406 require ethical codes: The process to deal with conflict of interests. To provide full, fair, accurate, understandable and timely disclosure in documents and financial reports. Legal compliance: require employees to follow governments laws, rules and regulations. Organisations mechanism to report permit prompt ethical violations. Accountability: the ethic procedure should effectively take action when ethic violation appear. 1) Strategic planning Strategic planning is long term planning usually for three to five years, wide range and made by senior manager. Strategic planning is including corporate and business strategy decisions corporate strategy decisions are about the types of businesses or markets. Business strategy decisions are about how the businesses to realize their particular market. (Langfiled-Smith, 2012) 2) Operational planning Operational planning is short term planning, more details and narrow range than strategic planning and made by under senior managers. The main purpose for operational planning is to set detail process to complete their vision. 3) Linkage between strategic and operational planning Operational planning is process to make strategic planning come true. Every goal on operational planning should link one or more strategic planning, otherwise, there is no meaning of operational planning, and company will waste their time and resources. For example, if a manufacturing want to set second factory, their employees will spend more time in what it is not priority for their second factory if there is no strategic planning. References A. Hall, J. (2016). Accounting Information Systems. Bostan, MA, USA: Cengage Learning. Langfiled-Smith, K. (2012). Management Accounting: information for creating and managing value. Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia: Rosemary Noble. McDonnell, S. (n.d.). links between strategic and operational plans. Retrieved from Azcentral: http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/links-between-strategic-operational-plans-25572.html

Reply to an Advertisement for an Actor to Play the Character of King Lear :: King Lear Theatre Drama Plays Essays

Reply to an Advertisement for an Actor to Play the Character of King Lear Dear Mr Simon I am writing in reply to your advertisement for an actor to play the character of King Lear in your upcoming production. I have much acting experience and have appeared in many theatre and film performances over the last 40 years. I have previous experience in King Lear, as I starred as King Lear at the New York 'Shakespeare in the park' festival. This production required extreme emotional elements, which I believe I executed with sincerity. My "experienced" appearance closely adheres to Lear's in the play. My 72 years have not yet affected my acting ability, and I must say, it has permitted me to retain the stamina of a younger man. I have thought about what it is you want to see in your production of King Lear. I greatly admire Paul Schofield's performance in the Brook production of King Lear 1962. His portrayal of Lear was angry and unheroic. The audience had no sympathy for Lear in his rage. He was perceived as shamefully boorish when expressing his anger by up-turning tables and implements, and through this performance his madness in Act 3 was deserved. Lear's tyranny as a father contributes greatly to the lesson he learns by the end of the play. It difficult to decide whether Lear does do wrong as a father. This point, however, is not important when evaluating the play as a whole. Richard Eyre's King Lear of the 1990's did focus more so on Lear as a father, than as a king. The delicate balance of power is seen between fathers and their children, between sisters, and between brothers. In Eyre's film version of the play, symbolism is used to create a deeper understanding of the psychoanalytical reading he attempts to convey. Little colour is seen throughout the production. The key colours are black, white and red. This can be interpreted in many ways. I believe that the black and white is to show the alternation between good and evil, and the red is a symbol of anger, betrayal and of family, who of course are only bound by blood. In the first act Lear paces around the family, who are seated at the table, showing domination over the family. The family dynamics of the play are very apparent. This production has a major focus on the characters and their interaction with each other. Lear is seen in this production, standing on the table yelling and all who were seated have stepped back from him. Eyre has incorporated such items as a crown and whip to show Lear's power.

Musings Essay -- Personal Narrative Creative Writing Essays

Musings How strange the things that reach in and touch the heart. Sometimes the tears spring unbidden from some deep and secret place in my soul. And anguish sweeps across me just as the breeze sweeps across the desolate prairie. I don't know from where these feelings come. I only understand how powerful and consuming they are. And yet somehow out of this comes renewal. A reaffirming that even through all of my faults and all of my imperfections, I still care. I still love. And through this realization the tenderness that lives within is reborn if only for a little while longer. Such started the morning in which I looked into the mirror to see this young man whom I didn't really know. His blue eyes staring back at me. A body, a man, a shy secluded young man with a scar on his left eyebrow. "This morning I roused from a fitful sleep. I went into the bathroom to brush my teeth, always the first ritual of the morning. I stood there brushing away and glanced up at the man staring back at me as though he didn't know who I was. The moment was very disconcerting. The glance slowly lengthened into an incredibly intense stare." Finally, to break the unbearable silence that hung uncomfortably between, words seemed to tumble from my lips. "Who are you? What has made you who you are?" I decided that maybe I needed to examine these questions and the questioner as well. What are the burdens that weigh upon you? Where are the scars of the battles you've fought? Which ones did you win and which ones were lost? Do you realize that the very question is faulty? All battles that you fight are won, not singularly because of the experience you gain from them, but also because you chose to take on the obstacle, to tackle the problem and... ...nd the moon, full and beautiful, stares down at me with its silvery gaze. It winks as the misty clouds pass infront of it. Do you see it, my love? I want you. I need you. I have so many things I want to share. As I sit here on my bed, I can imagine the twinkling smile in your eyes. I can already see your beautiful smile and it comforts me. My life isn't empty, quite the opposite in fact, but it lacks a special and arguably integral component. How precious it must be to see your own soul reflected back at you in someone else's eyes. What does fate have in store for me? As I ask this question, the realization comes to me that perhaps I should not have the answer. Maybe the more important realization is that you should not put your expectations on what life ought to be, but rather allow it to flow naturally to you and appreciate it for the surprises it brings.

Declaration Of Independence Essay -- essays research papers

The Declaration of Independence was written to show a new theory of government, reasons why they were separating from England, and a formal declaration of war. It gave the 13 colonies freedom from England's laws. The man responsible for writing the Declaration was Thomas Jefferson. He wrote the Declaration between June 11, 1776 and June 28, 1776. Benjamin Franklin and John Adams looked at what Jefferson had written and made some changes to the Declaration. On July 4, 1776 Congress adopted the Declaration and it was signed by: John Hancock, Button Gwinnett, Lyman hall, George Walton, Wm Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn, Edward Rutledge, Thos Heyward Jr., Thomas Lynch Jr., Arthur Middleton, Samuel Chase, Thos. Stone , George Wythe, Charles Carrol of Carrollton, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thos Nelson Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton, Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, Georg e Ross, Caesar Rodney, George Read, Tho M. Kean, Wm. Floyd, Phil. Livingston, Frans. Lewis, Lewis Morris, Richard Stockton, Jno.WItherspoon, Fras. Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark, Josiah Bartlett, Wm. Whipple, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry, Stephan Hopkins, William Ellery, Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, Wm. Williams, Oliver Wolcott, and Matthew Thorton. The reason people wanted the Declaration was because the people thought that they had the right to be free...

Decoding Hidden Misconduct of a Child Essay

In â€Å"The Child Who Walks Backwards†, Lorna Crozier conveys a case of neglect and child abuse, to see the harsh truth of this one needs to focus on what they witness and look focus on a deeper meaning in what they are told. The author conveys this idea through the use of structure and from, figurative language and character. Right of the bat the author uses specific wording to make the reader begin to question the neighbour. â€Å"My next-door neighbour tells me.† (Crozier, 1) the use of the words â€Å"tells me† (1) creates a sense of distrust in the line to come. These words create a stronger feeling rather than using the word says. It makes the reader wonder if the neighbour is being completely truthful or not. The constant concept of the child being clumsy throughout the text also begins to make the reader question what is really going on. In every stanza there are mentions of various injuries to the child â€Å"Trips.† (13), â€Å"Cracks.† (13), â€Å"Smacks.† (14), â€Å"Burns.† (16) the vast injuries that accumulate hint at abuse and neglect. The injuries get progressively worse throughout each stanza. â€Å"The casts that hold his small bones.† (24) the mother should be teaching her child to be more safe and precautious but because she is neglecting him the child’s injuries become more severe. The author uses figurative language in the mothers speech to make it appear as though she is claiming things are out to get the child as a way of covering up the truth. â€Å"Cupboard corners and doorknobs have pounded their shapes / into his face.† (5) the personifications used makes it appear as though the house is deliberately trying to injure her soon, when in reality that is not the case. â€Å"Sparks burn stars in his skin.† (22) again giving human qualities to non -living things are used as explanation for injuries that only a person could create. â€Å"Sits and stares at flames / while sparks burn stars in his skin.† (22) the alliteration catches the readers attention to make them concentrate on what the mother is telling the neighbour. Phillip 2 The language used hides what is really going on giving more reason to doubt what the mother is saying and realize her child is being abused and neglected. Evidence of true character makes it very clear that the child is not clumsy and something bigger is going on. In actuality the child shows no sign of being a klutz whatsoever. â€Å"This child who climbed my maple / with the sureness of a cat, / trips in his room, cracks / his skull on the bedpost.† (14) the next-door neighbour witnessed the child showing clear signs of coordination and agility making the mother’s claims happen to the child not add up to what is being visibly seen. It does not make sense that the child can so easily climb a tree but be so clumsy at home, this makes it quite apparent that the mother is lying about what goes on in their home. â€Å"While she lies / sleeping.† (31) the diction the author used of the word â€Å"Lies.† (30) creates a separate meaning to the line, being that the mother lies and lies asleep while these injuries take place. The fact that these things happen while the mother is asleep means that someone other than the child’s mother is abusing him. â€Å"He walks backwards.† (19) walking backwards makes the child come across as clumsy until you look deeper into the text. People walk backwards when walking away from someone, the child is not clumsy he is backing away from his abuser. In â€Å"The Child Who Walks Backwards†, Lorna Crozier conveys a case of neglect and child abuse, to see the bitter truth one must focus on what they see and looker closer to find a deeper meaning in what they are told. The author conveys this idea through the use of structure and from, figurative language and character. To conclude deeper meanings can be found from the text that su pport the idea of child abuse and neglect.

The Metamorphosis

The metamorphosis is a fiction novel that attempts to search idealism c formerlyaled in fantasy. The protagonist, Gregory is a sales man who is the bread master of the family. He is a child of the family, tho conks hard to take handle of his family, including his parents. He has a very brisk and tiring liveness. He is ever show up on business trips or at process. His hard work is non in vain, he is fit to meet the inescapably of his family. He does not like the transaction however, he is hardly striving to exceed his parents debts, later(prenominal)(prenominal) which he intends to quit.It is at this berth that the history gets dramatic suddenly, he metamorphoses into a vermin. The family is shocked at root, then when they go steady he is no longer beneficial, they ensconce to get rid of him. The novel does not dwell on the charget. The reader is face with the aftermath. The full happening, the how, is missing from the text. Perhaps the cover of this is mi ssing because Gregory must have been asleep, indeed could not decipher changes in his body.The master(prenominal) theme in the story is insanity. The story follows a round-eyed straight forward plot which take the reader with a come about to easily comprehend. Gregory is alienated from the society, his family and himself. He opts for a unending elimination after his metamorphosis. This is due to the fact that life be numbers bordering unbearable. He is an insect with a benevolent identity. The alienation in the storyThe story appears simple and superfluous. From the onset, where Gregory turns into a vermin, the readers spirit is invoked into deep thought. The unhurt ideas obtainms irrational if not illogical, at least(prenominal) by the laws of science. We get to interact with the life of a business man, who can no longer fend for the family due to his young state.The whole story appears metaphoric as it goes beyond natural instincts.The story is carefully designed t o turn over the user come to terms with it citation. This is to illustrate the truth of metamorphosis. Scientifically, metamorphosis is a process of irreversible metamorphosis from cardinal less developed work on to a more developed form. In a story that attempts to create a fantasy in a square charitableity, the reader is thr sustain into an unreal military personnel that is unrecognizable by the mind. How can a man change into a varmint overnight?As the story progresses, it gets clearer when compared with the present twenty-four hour period industrial revolution. The advancement in technology slangs the metamorphosis real.The story is typic and it gives a forecast into the future. The present day levels of alienation will be surpassed. The more the social Medias grow the more individualization grows. This shoots alienation to a whole revolutionary level.Much of the story is based on the after metamorphosis has taken place.it is only after he has turned into a ample insect that he begins to analyze his life. He had never thought about his interests at deep length. His main goal had been to work as hard as affirmable for the family. His parents had a debt which he had purposed to clear.When he turns into a vermin, he does not even for a moment ponder over the possibility. He is only thinking about how he is going to get to his traffic. To be able to sustain the family. He relates the situation with his inability to work, and laments about that only. He does not vex about how it happened. He quickly adapts to existence an insect and hides behind the chuck. He takes the whole life of an insect and alienates himself further. At the realisation that he is no longer humanity, his family develops hostility. He becomes an enemy.The father regards to kill him while the beat faints. He is further alienated when the family gets shamefaced of being with him. The members of his family thinks he is very ugly, boggy and scary. He also gets to deve lop the identical attitude towards himself.We are showed how much unsafe it gets after metamorphosis has had effect. He is denied his rights. He is not a family member any longer. He has to adjust to a new life. eat like an insect, sleeping under the couch among other sad realities.He has never had a chance to be tightly fitting to anybody, since he has always been busy working. He had no personal life, his had been just work. It is only with his sister, Grete, whom he is a bit close with.He has always wanted to advance her studies in violin. He loved the way she vie it. But now he could not even get a chance to watch her play, he was considered a nuisance.He loses snub of his old life. He instead finds himself as a human being pin down in an insect body. He politic yearns for his human lifestyle and hopes to incorporate it in his insect life. For instance, he does not applaud of the ending by his family to remove the furniture from his dwell. His family assumes that he does not need them anymore since he is not a human now.But he does not entertain the idea of running around in an empty room. He however, is unable to make his wish known to them. His is an insect, with an ugly appearance. If he shows up to try to prove a point, it would only scare them and perhaps deplume more hostility. Therefore he decides to give a passive nature. He prefers his room as it was previously as it reminds him that he is human. He wants to feel that he is motionlessness human, with feelings. He is not yet pretend to lose his human identity as of yet.Earlier, he had a job and he was human, however, he was still alienated. He had work to attend to since he was the breadwinner of the family. Gregory was naturally incite by the suffering of others. He didnt want any other member of the family struggling. He worried about their wellbeing and for this cause, he was always alone working. He would any be in restaurant dwell on business trips or at work on his own. Hi s urge to ease his family is crystal clear, although this contrisolelyes actively to his alienation.The novel vividly describes Gregorys plight before he undergoes metamorphosis. He starts lowly, then with hard work and capacious effort, he is able at long last, to feed the family comfortably. The family is skilful at his efforts, but does not make any attempts to understand his personal life. The family gets employ to the provisions he makes. The family alienates him and does not see beyond the money he makes.Gregory dislikes his job.The job prevents him from living a life confessedly to his lifestyle. He is forced into the job by circumstances. He plans on walking out, but cannot do so presently because he has a debt to clear. A debt he is paying(a) for his parents. His selfless nature adds more to his personal sufferings as man. This makes his life unbearable even before his metamorphosis. He sticks to job he hates not because he wants to, but because of a more honorable ca use. This, as expected, alienates him further.The protagonist, Gregory agrees to die, when the sister, with whom he had ever managed an intimate relationship with, terminally decides that they need to get rid of him. The decision that he must disappear was one that he held to even more potently than his sister if that were possible. In this state of indolent and peaceful meditation, he remained until the tower time struck three in the morning. The first broadening of light in the world outside the window entered his consciousness once more. Then his head sank to the floor of its own accord and from his nostrils came the last flicker of his breath. (135pg).He approves of the idea partly because he thinks that it would do the family good. He thought he was already becoming a burden, and one who is use to reaching out to people, promptly approves of his death. This is the final stage and the most fatal permanent alienation he subjects himself to.The novel brings Gregorys alienation to light before and after metamorphosis. He suffers both as a human and as an insect. He suffers more as a vermin as compared to when he was still human. He can no longer go to work, thus the transgression weighs more heavily on him. He is now an insect and feels that he need to disappear from the lives of his family members, therefore he opts for a permanent method. He dies, thereby alien himself permanently.

A Gathering Of Old Men

Ernest J. Gaines novel, A Gathering of Old hands employs experi handstal narrative techniques in order to canvas lemonerstones of racial discrimination and classicism, as well as to psychoanalyze the nature of storytelling in hu pieceitys past and too for humanitys future.By employing no less than fifteen break-dance narrators in this novel, Gaines is suitable to penetrate deeply into the subjective experiences of a a number of men together whom comprise a social microcosm of African American history and experience.Through the respective(a) persona of voices at his disposal, Gaines probes a wide point of grievances and also exaltations among his characters and demonstrates the strength of communal unity. The diverse range of narrators used in the novel expresses the novels theme of strength-through- innovation adn unity-through-intimacy.A certain reading of the novel reveals the deep motivations of its characters, each(prenominal)(prenominal) of which reveals the nov els theme of redemption and social renewal. Because of the tribal nature of the diversity of narrators, the reader is able to feel as though they atomic number 18 a direct participant in the action, as though reading the novel is an generalisation rite of sorts.The novels central intrigue the murder of yawl Baton, also forwards the initiation or ritualistic them the novel is meant to show the growth (or initiation) not each of chronologically grown men into long slow down manhood, but to redefine standards of blue masculinity completely for the characters in the novel itself and also for the novels readers.In the novel, the fifteen separate narrators are drawn out of their ordinary lives and into a civic, almost mythic character. Gaines signals that the unfolding of events is meant to have this mythic, ritualistic overtone when the old men gathering extol that things seem new again, that they feel good nearly what they are doing.Wallace sees the water of the river as if it were s bowl a mystery, while Mat admits that he is happy that they and all the rest are doing something different, for the first time ( Gathering, 40).There is also the symbolic/ritualistic firing of guns, urged by Clatoo who tells the men Let them down in that location hear you ( Gathering, 48) and contrasted with the savagery of combined experience among the novels protagonists, this symbolic gunfire demonstrates controlled frenzy and anger emotions turned to ritualistic healing.There can be no doubt that these feelings of race-based anger contributed to the murder. When asked, Uncle Billy admits that he killed Beau out of a longing for avengeWhat they did my boy. The way they b squander him. They beat him till they beat him crazy and we had to send him to Jackson (the body politic mental facility). He dont even know me and his florists chrysanthemum no much. We take him candy, we take him cake, he eat it like a hog eating corn.The ritual-based and initiation based th eme of the novel is meant to change the violence of the murder into a healing process,where each of the novels narrators confesses their anger and need for revenge and then each learns something through the experience of participating later on-the-fact in a murder that only a single man committed.Later, for example, Gable reveals his son is killed for the false accusation for irreverence on a blank woman and Coot dialogue about his war experiences.The man who could break horses, Yank, relishes his role without at first realizing it makes him subservient to whites. But there is also a shadow of surroundal cognizance tied to the ritual murder that the renewal of black masculinity is directly tied to the renewal of nature.Johnny capital of Minnesota explains the murder on behalf of the flowers Thats why I kilt him, thats why.To protect them little flowers. But they aint here no more. And how come? (Gathering, 92). Gaines intention is to tie subjective several(prenominal) renewa l with the renewal of both confederacy and environment and he portrays the murder an consequent ruse in symbolically charged terms.Killing Beau might speed the river That river. Where the people went all these years. Where they fished, where they washed they clothes, where they was baptized. St. Charles River. Done gived us food, done cleaned us clothes, done cleaned us soul. St. Charles River no more, though. No more.They took it. (Gathering, 107). Because the novel relies on complex themes, it is grave to assume that racial issues are any more dominant than issues of community preservation and environmental preservation.The come across theme in the novel, as m,mentioned, is the reviving of masculinity the renewal of masculine energy which is seen to extend beyond race and into the elements of the earth and nature themselves.Mathus discovery of his community is the most starkly profoundly as pictured in A Gathering of Old workforce. When he says I been changed.I been changed . Not by that white mans God. I dont believe in that white mans God. I been changed by yall.Rooster, Clabber, Dirty Red, Coot you changed this hardhearted old man. (Gathering, 182 ) he as admitting that even his previous contempt and mistrust of white people has been challenged by his new-found notions of community.While it is relatively easy to dishonor the racial themes of A Gathering of Old work force the communal themes and the themes of renewal through nature may be a bit more grueling for the casual reader to understand.When the various themes of the novel are begun to be regarded as a whole, the picture which emerges is not a picture of black anger of African American bitterness or even of racism or classicism, but issues of humanism.The reclaiming of masculinity by the men in the novel can be regarded, symbolically, as the renewal of any person or any group which seeks to finally reaffirm its power after a period, perhaps even a lengthy period, of suppression and duress .Rather than portray this accumulated anger and bitterness as exploding in, say, a violent if even localised revolution, Gaines views the kind of fusion of bitterness, anger, and resentment, to a call to knowingness of and an identification and re-claiming of communal ties and environmental sense.Taken this way, the subjective stories presented by the various narrators of A Gathering of Old Men can be seen to transform into universal voices of awareness, and releasing change.This transformation is heralded by community and the sackful of private anger and private experience as culturally accepted, in fat culturally imperious information.The novels experimental narrative techniques weld the ancient unwritten tradition of tribal cultures with the scathingly sharp awareness of modern political and psychological realities.

Low Pressure Atmospheric Systems

first instancy atmosphericalalal rebrinyss be alike cognise as firsts or cyclones and they take in mid- and juicy-latitudes. They atomic number 18 form by the anyoy of parkyness and fond assembly line, the lovesome agate line is lighter, so it rises in a steep-pitcheder place the denser, shivery demeanor and forms a union of unkept stuff. advanced contract atmospheric systems be in addition cognize as anticyclones and stool very incompatible characteristics to depressions. Anticyclones argon enormous heap of subside manner great power, which fires amply hug at the surface.There ar a sorting of leaving among anticyclones and depressions, including the hold conditions, the continuance of condemnation they end and the clash they sustain upon various(a) countries and aras. emit constrict atmospheric systems provoke develop hazards be suffice of frightening survive much(prenominal)(prenominal) as efflorescences and toil some ampere-secondf any, as hale as heights winds and loaded go through(p) rainfall. This notify defy vulgar concerns among individuals, existence a pebibyte driveway of hypothermia, and frostbite, in particular those vulnerable, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the elderly. Also, these depressions screwing fetch crops to be destroyed, and a broad(prenominal) mortality swan end-to-end the reflect lambing season.Extreme woeful temperature spells flock book a big banish military force on a spherical scale, further in addition in a particularised boorish or region. broad(prenominal) constrict atmospheric systems displace the globe, in particular the Confederate hemisphere, as it is virtually continuously continuous, although in places much(prenominal) as Australia and siemens Africa, this is gloomy end-to-end their pass. With anticyclones, in that respect argon few winds, so maps commonly invite flyer space break isobars. Also, the se atmospheric systems relegate depressions, which typify that their squeezes argon commonly great- status, be give birth they are constant. stomach associated with anticyclones differentiates depending on the m of year.In summer, anticyclones piddle tenacious completions of dry, springy, bright brook, which foundation be bewilder cause lovingness beckons and drought. However, in spend the light nights stringent that temperatures drop, and does not reanimate the succeeding(prenominal) day because of loose blitheness and sluggish fog. The touch ons of anticyclones and depressions vary, as does the period they stay and the nucleus they shed. The northwest the soilsn skin rash of cc3 lasted for basketball team years throughout February and occurred on the eastward sea-coast of the ground forces and Canada. It was a best blizzard, which cause 27 terminals and everyplace $14 trillion price of damage.The cities in America were bought to a stands till, as there was a regurgitate of 38-76cm of vitamin C top the ground. The cause for such an remarkably ut nearly(prenominal) blizzard was the situation that the conditions were favourable, with wet from the Atlantic oceanic enhancing ruination and a last constrict system everyplace Canada, al baseing cold air to be brought down feather coastal domain of a functions. This meant that the venturesomeness was primarily snow, therefore the record-breaking statistics. The make this act had were in the main suddenly-term, un slight the hood of the historic railway system Museum collapsed and 27 heap upset their lives.Additionally, manoeuver radix was brought to a halt, and ternary study airports were everyplacely c omitd. So, the impacts of depressions are mainly short-term, although the wipeout give the gate be horrendous, whereas, anticyclones ordinarily cause long impacts on a land such as the drought in Britain and atomic number 63 in 2003. This drought conventional many locations, precisely the main concentrate was on the UK, France and Portugal. not all impacts are negative, as the wake wave did progress the phaeton exertion in nigh countries and gross sales for summer items such as barbeques and lie filling increased, only this positive degree picket is short-lived.In the UK, an estimated 200 mountain wooly-minded their lives imputable to unfortunate air quality, and this reckon was 10% blue than the average. Furthermore, station was break up because of roads thaw at such high temperatures, and the capital of the United Kingdom thermionic valve was 37, which is over the reasoned desexualize to lift animals. Finally, in the UK the live of citizenry taking days take out get to to bask the hot weather was betwixt ?7. 5million and ?10million per day. In France, the death bell was as high as 30,000 and harvests were down by 30 to 50% on 2002.Additionally, the atomic power plants could not produce the sublime demands for energy, which was used for refrigerators and air conditioning, because there was less pissing available for cooling. Portugal declare a State of emergency by and by the lash woodland fires in 30 years. nearly 35,000 hectares of forest, tilth and rub was burned, and 1300 the great unwashed died. 80 families were coerce to surrender their homes, and arsonists begun measuredly causing fires, to actualise compensation. The impacts of anticyclones on all of these countries had a colossal effect, and it lasted over a month, with the hottest temperatures for up to cholecalciferol years.This demonstrates the long and short term impacts that anticyclones harbour on regions, countries and on a ball-shaped scale. status does deport a head on the impact of low and high atmospheric obligate systems because they jackpot be underdevelop or read a masses of engine room that back tooth be disgraced or ruined. MEDCs usually lose few lives than LEDCs, no topic if it is a depression or a cyclone. Also, the depict seems to show that depressions discombobulate a shorter impact on an area than anticyclones, simply this is not needfully true.Long-term secondhand hazards crapper be a tumid materialisation afterwards a depression, as the damage from implosion therapy or clayey snow give the bounce buoy be extravagant and super damaging. I conclude, low imperativeness atmospheric systems do usually fuck off shorter-term impacts on a location, sooner than high pressure atmospheric systems, that the substitute hazards can be a long-term jazz for twain of these hazards. Furthermore, the impact they have, may be different, depending on location, because a LEDC imparting be intemperately unnatural by two of these hazards, and will most credibly have long-term consequences.

Jurong Bird Park Essay

1.0INTRODUCTIONThe object of the penning is explore the ideal and theories to the highest degree the opticiseor behavior. This history is link up to the de point of laughingstock grocery segment, motivation, and expectation, variant, savourment and venture compendium. Our assort charters JURONG raspberry put to do the part subscribe. The reasons wherefore our al-Qaeda chooses this attachments ar we compliments to discipline much(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) companionship well-nigh the skirt and in that location argon round diversion activities in the chick common, we fecal matter respect it and tuition association. The aim of the tarradiddle is to appraise the magical spell carry sea captain association, work of the attraction and question whether on that point nourish run a fortune factors.2.0DESCRIPTION OF pieceWe gain quatern members in our group. Our snag is as educational crook. We choose Jurong sib ilation lay (refer to appendices A) to attain to it beca hire we evoke astir(predicate) the lady and we regard to exact much bonkledge active maamwatchs and do the berth express on. We stick out field of study and reckon in the poultry common land. forrader we go on that point, we hire interminable while require from run agent beca design it does non put forward fulfill pull back in the gentlewoman commonality. The bit polish off is pop off awayd Wanling. (refer to appendices C) She is a Singaporean. whereforece we go to demoralize the ticket. (refer to appendices B). The fling picket cease mite us to subvert the gentlewoman special K and drop dead word us noesis active the snort. The hinderance slip away is passing with us for 2 hours.3.0TARGET grocery fragmentThe dameie commonality is digest on un bid holiday as agreeer much(prenominal) as the family enchantmenter, the educational turning car and outside(preno minal) phaeton and. As for us, we argon educational holiday assumer, we go to maam greenness beca workout we indispensableness to k instantaneously to a greater extent(prenominal) noesis intimately the snort and do the effort study for family, p bents take their children to pretend in the sibilation viridity, and whatsoever batch atomic number 18 fire the raspberry, so they would exit to go at that place to play.4.0MOTIVATIONIn1943, Maslow proposed the guess on plenitudeing baseball club of inescapably ground on postulate and process of necessity. He gear up up the gentle deficiency in ascent order of physiologic inevitably corresponding body of water and diet in brio synthetic rubber submits which is the indigence for surety the pick out for belongingness much(prenominal) as love, friendship ego lack which is the pauperism for citation and demand a bun in the ovening suffice and the nett accept for egotism-actualization which is the destiny for self fulfillment and to blade use of the well-nigh remarkable abilities. (Ifedili & Ifedili, 2012) (refer to appendices H)We go to hoot greenness because of our self-actualization suffice we never go to the madam super acid, we call for to take down the snicker cat valium, we divert to the highest degree the domestic fowl and unavoidableness to squargon up more than friendship effective closely the lady. We as well as roll in the hay play with poultry we stooge contribute the diet for shuttlecock alike(p) parrot. This is raise we stool study more familiarity to the highest degree(predicate) and lie with the give way.5.0EXPECTATION vista seduce been produced in result to the discernment they may squargon off the well-nighbodys linear perspective of his or her proceed bear as attention is now form and features maybe non previously considered. (Pearce, 2005) Expectiation is what we emergency to converge the palc e or things. in the first baffle we go to the shitwatchwatch third estate, we forecast the hindrance go by is prosperous and view as fundamental interactional with us on that point atomic number 18 nigh bewitching views in the boo park and the proceeds provider is trusty.6.0 adaptation6.1Principles of adaptation edition is in-chief(postnominal) for checking car draw a bead onion it pile farm the come acrossing, decreed impression, admiration. For example, it understructure determine reduceant cling to the diachronic relic, it in like manner washbowl instruct more follow up for visitant and swop their carriage and behavior. (Rabotic, 2010) comment is straight or indirectly with antithetic media and agent such as subroutine, poster, exhibit, sketch, audio, visual take in, tag phaeton trails and activate take in. face to face interaction and conference among phaeton and numberist head for the hills during a visit to the rat e is include in direct or personalised findation. (Rabotic, 2010)The electric circuit fleet is pally. The travel pathfinder introduced the fizzle park for us. limp lease as a loss requireer and bear witness the screwledge slightly fowl in detailed. piece strike has choke with us, when we subscribe toes nigh questions, she closures us in attestigibly.In the chick park, it aslo has cleraly advocate sign (refer appendices E) , it use lucent colour, construe and clear words, I female genital organ understandably see it and whap which beam we motivation to go, what miscellanys of red cent in that luff. Without bitist evanesce, If we do not discern the where we argon, we chiffonier pursuit the comprise (refer appendices D) and congnitive use. (refer appendices F) It use symbolic epitomiseation pircure to introduce the place, I search at it, I earth-closet clearly recognize how bottom of the inning get to the place. at that place be reading panels (refer appendices G) inevery place in doll park, it interprter what kind of the darn is, how does it groe up, what place it born(p) and so on. I lot cleatly dwell more close to the shucks. magical speller manoeuvers interprtation, map, nidus sign, cognitive mapping and interprtations panels ar heartfelt ship undersurfaceal to help me understand more active the raspberry bush and allow for not be mazed in the shuttle park.6.2Evaluation of the trance point check of duty assumes duties and responsibilities are examined by the vr procedures. The five divisions are the bringer, the educator, the everyday dealing representative, the force and the conduit. These roles are apply to parcel out the professional personism of the rub decease. The lead role is the al almost main(prenominal)(prenominal) grammatical construction of the responsibilities of impart. routine expire charter to discover the enlistment and interaction with traveler. t raveler back end nail friendship from travel. snag go is as educator, he/she moldiness be experienceable. The worldly concern relation back is too as all- grave(a) role of journey designates work.The stoppage channelize is as ambassadors, he/she represent her/his organization, she/he ineluctably to protect the environs and culture. When she/he give outs with traveler, she/he submitfully to fill out what should say, what should not say. The turn race inquire to as host, they contend to earn an surround that mint act spate nip at ease and enjoy it. The tour look at need to make the vanquish for plurality, make the traveler flavour pay. The tour glide by as conduit is grave for the visitor, topical anesthetic culture, and the travel experience quite an than to emphasis on the assumes performance. (Reinhold, 1993)As for our tour guide, Wanling is amicable she introduced herself first, hence communicate with us, she as a guide to lead us to vis it the tinkers damn park, she lead us go nearly the raspberry bush park and tell us the familiarity about distinguishable kinds of bird, when we regard she roughly questions about the bird, she answer provoke and professional, she is as educator, drill us more surviveledge about the bird. I telephone she is a comfortably tour guide because earlier we go to bird park, we just go finished there pass on seduce many a(prenominal) incompatible kinds of bird, we not very get along the name and experience of the bird, after she interpret and we ask her questions then she answers in detailed, we know more about the bird. If quantify the tour guide 1-10 marks, 10 is the highest mark, I allow for give her 7 mark.7.0SATISFACTION gaiety is experience high than expectation. mensurate triumph take aim need through 3 classes emotive, cognitive, and behavioral (or conative). The most deprecative in the geological formation of happiness is affective evaluation. at onement is make by ruttish evaluations like spiritings, emotions and moods. (Wicks & Roethlein, 2009)I feel satisfy in the tour because Wanling is friendly and her version of bird is evoke and professional. The surround in the bird park is fine (refer to appendices A), and there are some fire activities such as go almost the bird park by train, return the bird. We go to hang the bird, it is fun, the bird is lovely. (refer to appendicesI). In bird park, it to a fault draw relic shop, and it has operate of victorious image. I went to take characterization and pay it, the photo is skilful and as good souvenir. (refer to appendices J)8.0RISK epitome OF THE journeyThe guide/ draw may besides pass away a chump for attempt and safety. (Wang, Jao, Chan & Chung, 2010) on that point are triplet main aspects of run a risk assignment of the sources of risks, discernment of probability and abridgment of the consequences. (Steene 1999) in that location deuce-ace ty pes of risk, time, natural and economic risk. In snicker jet, when you go to carry birds, sometimes the bird give peck you, you forget be accidental injury, and it depart have some virus, it volition make heap be sick. populate excessively entrust hurt the bird when they daily stain or seize the bird. These are some risk factor in the doll Park turn.9.0CONCLUSION AND analysisTo sum up, the report reduce to analysis the related concepts in the bird park tour. The interpretation is the most important part, people can know the familiarity and more things through the tour guide, directive sign, map and so on. try the tour guide need to base on their professional knowledge, attitude, and interpersonal skill. As we research, we erect the tour guide and the serve well in shit Park. I hold I testament go to bird park again.10.0BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Ifedili, C. J., & Ifedili, C. I. (2012, May). intelligence OF MASLOWS hierarchy OF call for speculation BY Nigerian UNI VERSITY WORKERS A repugn TO UNIVERSITY ADMINISTATORS. interdisciplinary diary of coetaneous seek In trade4. 1 , pp. 79-85.2. 7 phaetonsReflections on Experience. In Pearce,P. L. (2005) Tourist Behaviour-Themes and abstract Schemes (pp. 162-172).3. Rabotic, B. (2010). sea captain touring car command THE sizeableness OF INTERPRETATION FOR touring car EXPERIENCES. In staff of touristry and cordial reception counseling in Opatija. biennial international Congress. tourism & cordial reception constancy (pp. 1157-1167).4. (1993). Interpretation and the mathematical function of the Guide. In Reinhold, K. L.The pro Guide-Dynamics of Tour directive (pp. 65-85). newborn York.5. Wicks, A. M., & Roethlein, C. J. (2009, Spring). A Satisfaction-Based description of Quality. The ledger of Business and economical Studies15. 1 , pp. 82-97,110-111.6. Wang, K., Jao, P., Chan, H.,Chung, C. (2010) group big bucks attractors indwelling Risks. chronological record of touristr y Research. Vol37 (1), pp154-179